Manufacturing leaders are sprinting ahead with digital and analytics, and changing the rules of the game. A broad scale-up of innovation across the value chain is needed to ensure more winners share the spoils.
The long-anticipated Fourth Industrial Revolution is no longer some far-off horizon. Early-adopting “lighthouse” factories are implementing advanced manufacturing and AI-driven technology, at scale, and seeing significant gains.
Realities on the ground highlight what’s really needed to pull off the transformation.
Companies that hope to compete in the digital world are coming to see that it requires a fundamentally new way of working. On the customer-experience side, digital natives have raised the bar considerably; in the B2C world customer individual behavior and needs are tracked while we are browsing e.g. webstore, thus streamlining the content which is presented on the page or email advertisements.
Internally, despite big investments in digitization, process redesign, and automation, the efficiency ratio at most large companies has stalled. Their improvement initiatives reside in different pockets, such as a digital factory or automation center of excellence, and are seldom integrated.
A next-generation operating model (NGOM) is needed to give companies the ability to move quickly and adapt to changing circumstances. The rewards for making the leap to the NGOM are significant: step-change improvements that produce 30 to 50 percent productivity gains, up to 80 percent reduction in turnaround time, up to 10 percent enhancement of customer experience, and 20 to 25 percent growth.
Two key shifts have been identified that are necessary for companies to build the NGOM:
From uncoordinated improvement efforts within siloes . . . To an integrated transformation agenda, organized around customer journeys (the interactions a customer has with a company) and internal journeys (end-to-end processes inside the company).
From using individual technologies and capabilities in a piecemeal way inside siloes . . . To applying them to journeys in combination and in the right sequence, thereby achieving compound impact.
Over the past couple of years, as we’ve worked with companies to developing their NGOM, six important lessons have emerged.
Lesson #1: Start by working on a high-impact end-to-end journey
Some companies start their digital operations transformation with small pilots that don’t generate significant benefits. Others spend a lot of time analyzing which journey to tackle first. But there’s no single right way to get started. The key is to identify a journey that’s important and begin there.
There are two primary approaches for deciding where to begin:
Identify no-regret areas (every company has a few) and pick one.
Evaluate the potential of the next-gen levers across the most important customer journeys at the enterprise level. This will help prioritize and sequence journeys for the next two to three years after embarking on the transformation.
Whichever path is chosen, it’s important to get started quickly in order to demonstrate the path of the next-gen transformation and win over skeptics by showing the value the model can generate. We have found that it’s generally better to take on customer-facing journeys before internal ones. If it’s hard to get the buy-in needed to begin with a whole journey, it’s possible to start smaller— inside a single business unit or geographic site—and later extend the effort to include the entire journey from end to end.
Lesson #2: Be systematic when prioritizing and sequencing improvement levers
The NGOM integrates multiple improvement levers—process redesign, digitization, automation, analytics, and outsourcing/offshoring—to achieve step-change improvements. Yet there can be complex interdependencies between levers. Therefore it is critical to understand those interdependencies and be systematic in selecting the mix and sequence of levers. These can vary depending on such factors as the journey being addressed or location.
Lesson #3: Apply the next-generation operating model across all steps of core journeys to get the most value
Often, companies start by applying the NGOM in a focused way—for example, to a customer-facing journey in the organization’s front end. But achieving step-change improvements from the NGOM requires applying it from the point where the customer interacts with the brand all the way through to the back-end systems that support and deliver on that interaction. At most companies, 20 end-to-end journeys account for more than 70 percent of the costs and more than 80 percent of the customer experience. Transforming core journeys touches all parts of an organization and requires spanning “horizontally” to cut across silos and deliver step-change, multidimensional improvements.
We have observed two approaches that can extend the NGOM horizontally:
The most common is to start at the front end, with the customer-facing aspects of a journey, and later extend the effort to internal processes housed in the back office.
A more aggressive approach is to begin working horizontally from the outset, by assigning responsibility for all aspects of customer-facing journeys, and the key internal processes that support them, to cross-functional agile squads. In this approach, organizational change happens before journey transformation.
One other important way to realize true impact from end-to-end journey transformation is by creating a new role: the journey owner, who has the authority to call on resources from the multiple groups that must contribute to delivering on that journey. In a bank, these could include the front, middle, and back office, as well as IT, risk, and compliance. Because the end-to-end journey owner must engage with many parts of the organization, it is a challenging role and should be filled by a highly capable executive. The end-to-end journey owner should report to a C-level executive: chief digital officer, COO, or even the CEO.
A leading global financial-services company wanted to improve its customer-exception journey. To break down silos within the business, it started by standing up a cross-functional team with process redesign, agile, digital, and automation expertise and representation from compliance, legal, risk, and privacy. The team then focused on improving the entire customer journey. To enhance the customer experience, it tackled the front end by digitizing its customer self-service portal and improving existing interactive voice response (IVR). In parallel, it redesigned processes to drive efficiency in the back office, enabling future RPA opportunities. This “horizontal” approach, spanning multiple parts of the organization, is on pace to deliver close to a 20 percent reduction in cost of service delivery, a more than 35 percent improvement in work efficiency and quality of service, and a more than 20 percent gain in people-engagement scores.
Lesson #4: Start on the talent challenge immediately
Most companies do not fully grasp their talent challenge. Not only do they need new skilled people, but they also need to reskill or redeploy existing staff, since certain improvement levers, such as RPA, will replace some jobs and transform many others. Because these challenges don’t appear immediately, companies tend not to focus on them until it’s too late, at which point talent management becomes a bottleneck on their path toward the NGOM.
Organizations need to start preparing right away to get the talent needed for the future workforce. The first step is to assess future skill demand in key areas such as data science and agile, diagnose the current supply, and launch initiatives to fill the gap. This requires HR to work closely with the executives in charge of implementing the NGOM to gain a complete understanding of what the real skill needs are.
Reskilling and redeploying staff is a critical step in monetizing the value generated by the next-generation operating model. For example, a data- entry analyst whose former work is automated could be upskilled to oversee RPA systems. It’s worth noting that not everyone can be reskilled to the roles in greatest demand; a call-center rep can’t be trained in a few months to become a data scientist or an agile scrum master.
A global bank set up a digital factory in a new facility in its home country’s leading tech region, plus satellite digital factories in the tech centers of four countries where it had subsidiaries. It built out the offices so they resembled start-ups and established partnerships with university research centers and early-stage fintechs to create a collaborative environment that leveraged the new offices’ locations inside larger tech ecosystems. Its recruiting materials emphasized that positions in the digital factory were anything but typical banking jobs.
Lesson #5: Don’t let technology debt scare you off
Many companies are in technology debt and believe they cannot achieve the full potential of the NGOM without fully revamping their IT architecture and systems. But no matter what the condition of their current infrastructure, companies can take advantage of the NGOM by making incremental tech upgrades along their transformation journey and so accrue significant benefits without needing to wait for a full system upgrade.
Companies have followed two paths in addressing their technology debt:
The first involves building individual databases and applications, driven by specific use cases, separate from the existing legacy infrastructure. This creates new capabilities, which can then connect back with legacy systems on a case-by-case basis, using application programming interfaces (APIs) and microservices.
Cloud and open-source technologies now make it affordable to build entirely new infrastructure, on a limited scale, to meet the emerging needs of the NGOM, while continuing to run existing legacy systems in parallel. As this new, clean stack grows over time, it can increasingly be used in lieu of the legacy infrastructure.
A large financial-services firm launched an analytics initiative that relied on machine learning, along with associated digital tools and process redesign. When data from its digital customer-acquisition channels were fed into its existing infrastructure, the legacy systems effectively broke. In response, the company stood up new databases and analytics engines by deploying inexpensive cloud technologies and open-source tools. These systems worked well, and the company soon wanted to apply the new analytic models to its old data, which was housed in its legacy core. To make this work, the company wired the new systems and legacy core together with APIs and microservices. The company is now continuing along this path on a case-by-case basis, using the gains generated by earlier activities to pay for the next round of work.
Lesson #6: Keep evolving and adapting with continuous improvement
Our experience from transformation efforts has shown that the 80/20 rule applies. The initial big effort generates the majority of the value—the 80 percent. But the remaining 20 percent is still significant. Rather than stretch to “do it all” in one shot, find the 80/20 balance, and commit to continuous improvement to adapt and optimize the model.
To achieve the last 20 percent of value from the NGOM, a continuous-improvement mind-set should become the new “steady state.” That means making agile practices a way of life, not a project methodology, one that continually generates new ideas, prototypes them quickly, tests them to obtain feedback, and then iterates based on that input. Even after primary customer-facing journeys have been reconfigured, sizable productivity gains can still be achieved by tackling legacy operations and corporate support functions such as finance and HR. The NGOM is not static. It must continually evolve and adapt.
At regular intervals—every three years or so—it’s also worth taking out a clean sheet of paper and reinventing with zero-based design.
Conclusion: Embrace the journey
Adopting the next-generation operating model is a journey, and insights on how best to embrace it are evolving. We expect to learn more as the journey continues. But so far, these six lessons have consistently made a difference for the companies that applied them.
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